Release Information
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Agent
Pterolonche inspersa Staudinger
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Pterolonchidae
Agent Name References:
- Coombs, E.M. 1997. Biological control of weeds in Oregon. Annual Report. Project summaries 1996. Oregon Department of Agriculture, Noxious Weed Control Program, Salem, Oregon, USA. 33 pp.
Weed
Centaurea diffusa Lam.
Family: Asteraceae
Common Name: diffuse knapweed
Origin: Eurasia
Weed Name References:
- Seastedt, T.R., D.G. Knochel, M. Garmoe, and S.A. Shosky. 2007. Interactions and effects of multiple biological control insects on diffuse and spotted knapweed in the Front Range of Colorado. Biological Control 42: 345-354.
- Story, J.M., G.L. Piper, and E.M. Coombs. 2004. Knapweeds. In E.M. Coombs, J.K. Clark, G.L. Piper, and A.F. Cofrancesco, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon. pp. 196-232.
Weed Common Name References:
- Seastedt, T.R., D.G. Knochel, M. Garmoe, and S.A. Shosky. 2007. Interactions and effects of multiple biological control insects on diffuse and spotted knapweed in the Front Range of Colorado. Biological Control 42: 345-354.
- Story, J.M., G.L. Piper, and E.M. Coombs. 2004. Knapweeds. In E.M. Coombs, J.K. Clark, G.L. Piper, and A.F. Cofrancesco, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon. pp. 196-232.
Weed Origin References:
- Seastedt, T.R., D.G. Knochel, M. Garmoe, and S.A. Shosky. 2007. Interactions and effects of multiple biological control insects on diffuse and spotted knapweed in the Front Range of Colorado. Biological Control 42: 345-354.
- Story, J.M., G.L. Piper, and E.M. Coombs. 2004. Knapweeds. In E.M. Coombs, J.K. Clark, G.L. Piper, and A.F. Cofrancesco, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon. pp. 196-232.
Release and Source Information
List: 1 - Exotic Organisms Intentionally Introduced
Source: Ex. Austria & Hungary& Greece
Year: 1986
Region: North America
Country: United States of America
Subregion of Country: ID, MT, OR, UT, WA
Subregion specific:
Release History: ID OR UT 1986, WA 1987, MT 1987
Release Notes: Released on Centaurea diffusa in 1986. Reintroduced and released on C. stoebe subsp. micranthos in 1988 in MT. Eggs distributed to C. virgata subsp. squarrosa in UT in 1990.
Source Information References:
- Coombs, E.M. 1997. Biological control of weeds in Oregon. Annual Report. Project summaries 1996. Oregon Department of Agriculture, Noxious Weed Control Program, Salem, Oregon, USA. 33 pp.
- Coombs, E.M. 2013. (personal communication) Oregon Department of Agriculture, Noxious Weed Control Program, 635 Capitol St NE Salem, OR 97301 USA.
- Story, J.M., G.L. Piper, and E.M. Coombs. 2004. Knapweeds. In E.M. Coombs, J.K. Clark, G.L. Piper, and A.F. Cofrancesco, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon. pp. 196-232.
Original Host Species
Unknown
Establishment
Established: Yes
Established in Subregion of Country: OR
Established in Subregion specific:
Establishment References:
- Coombs, E.M. 2013. (personal communication) Oregon Department of Agriculture, Noxious Weed Control Program, 635 Capitol St NE Salem, OR 97301 USA.
- Jacobs, J. and S. Sing. 2008. Ecology and management of diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.). Invasive Species Technical Note No. MT-20. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service. 12 pp.
- Story, J.M., G.L. Piper, and E.M. Coombs. 2004. Knapweeds. In E.M. Coombs, J.K. Clark, G.L. Piper, and A.F. Cofrancesco, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon. pp. 196-232.
- Andreas, J.E., J. Milan, C. Randall, and J. Price. 2020. Biological Control. In E. Peachey, Ed. Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. pp. A1-A7.
Abundance
Rare
Abundance References:
- Coombs, E.M. 2012. Biological control of weeds in Oregon. Annual Report 2012. Oregon Department of Agriculture, Noxious Weed Control Program, Salem, Oregon, USA. 35 pp.
- Jacobs, J. and S. Sing. 2008. Ecology and management of diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.). Invasive Species Technical Note No. MT-20. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service. 12 pp.
- Story, J.M., G.L. Piper, and E.M. Coombs. 2004. Knapweeds. In E.M. Coombs, J.K. Clark, G.L. Piper, and A.F. Cofrancesco, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon. pp. 196-232.
- Andreas, J.E., J. Milan, C. Randall, and J. Price. 2020. Biological Control. In E. Peachey, Ed. Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. pp. A1-A7.
Agent Impact
Impact: None
Geographic Scale of impact:
Impact Notes: Though still exists in one region in OR, has dwindled to low levels because of dramatic control of Centaurea diffusa by Larinus spp.
Impact References:
- Coombs, E.M. 2012. Biological control of weeds in Oregon. Annual Report 2012. Oregon Department of Agriculture, Noxious Weed Control Program, Salem, Oregon, USA. 35 pp.
- Jacobs, J. and S. Sing. 2008. Ecology and management of diffuse knapweed (Centaurea diffusa Lam.). Invasive Species Technical Note No. MT-20. United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resource Conservation Service. 12 pp.
- Story, J.M., G.L. Piper, and E.M. Coombs. 2004. Knapweeds. In E.M. Coombs, J.K. Clark, G.L. Piper, and A.F. Cofrancesco, Eds. Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the United States. Oregon State University Press, Corvallis, Oregon. pp. 196-232.
- Andreas, J.E., J. Milan, C. Randall, and J. Price. 2020. Biological Control. In E. Peachey, Ed. Pacific Northwest Weed Management Handbook. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. pp. A1-A7.
Limiting Factors
None
Other Attack
Were other species attacked?: No
Other Species Attacked Notes:
Research Organizations
Oregon State Department of Agriculture, Salem (State (15))
University of Idaho (State (6))
Montana State University (State (7))
Washington State University (State (9))
Bozeman, Montana (USDA (10))
Rome, Italy (USDA (12))
Albany, California (USDA (7))
Notes
Based on: Winston, R.L., M. Schwarzlander, H.L. Hinz, M.D. Day, M.J.W. Cock, and M.H. Julien, Eds. 2024. Biological Control of Weeds: A World Catalogue of Agents and Their Target Weeds. Based on FHTET-2014-04, USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team. Available online at https://www.ibiocontrol.org/catalog/ [Accessed 29 March 2024].